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Strona g³ówna » English Zone » Word stress in English (Akcentowanie w jez. angielskim)

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marcinb

Post #1

2008-03-24 09:00:47 (5 miesiêcy temu)

marcinb

Posty: 1003

Mê¿czyzna

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Z nami od: 20-05-2006

Sk±d: Newark

Rules of Word Stress in English
There are two very simple rules about word stress:

1.One word has only one stress.
(One word cannot have two stresses. If you hear two stresses, you hear two words. Two stresses cannot be one word. It is true that there can be a "secondary" stress in some words. But a secondary stress is much smaller than the main [primary] stress, and is only used in long words.)
2.We can only stress vowels, not consonants.



Here are some more, rather complicated, rules that can help you understand where to put the stress. But do not rely on them too much, because there are many exceptions. It is better to try to "feel" the music of the language and to add the stress naturally.

1. Stress on firstsyllable

Most 2-syllable nouns PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble
Most 2-syllable adjectives PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy

2. Stress on last syllable

Most 2-syllable verbs to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN

HOWEVER:
There are many two-syllable words in English whose meaning and class change with a change in stress. The word present, for example is a two-syllable word. If we stress the first syllable, it is a noun (gift) or an adjective (opposite of absent). But if we stress the second syllable, it becomes a verb (to offer). More examples: the words export, import, contract and object can all be nouns or verbs depending on whether the stress is on the first or second syllable.

3. Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end)

Words ending in -ic GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic
Words ending in -sion and -tion teleVIsion, reveLAtion

HOWEVER:
For a few words, native English speakers don't always "agree" on where to put the stress. For example, some people say teleVIsion and others say TELevision. Another example is: CONtroversy and conTROversy.

4. Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end)

Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy
Words ending in -al CRItical, geoLOGical

5. Compound words (words with two parts)

For compound nouns, the stress is on the first part:
BLACKbird, GREENhouse
For compound adjectives, the stress is on the second part:
bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned
For compound verbs, the stress is on the second part:
to underSTAND, to overFLOW
Grant me serenity to accept the things I cannot change, courage to change the things I can and wisdom to know the difference.

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Andrew_Bird

Post #2

2008-04-09 11:09:38 (5 miesiêcy temu)

Andrew_Bird

Posty: 138

Z nami od: 01-11-2007

Pamiêtajmy, ¿e oprócz akcentu wyrazowego jest jeszcze germañski miêdzyczas pochodz±cy z umlautu (przeg³osu).

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marcinb

Post #3

2008-04-09 18:07:38 (5 miesiêcy temu)

marcinb

Posty: 1003

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Z nami od: 20-05-2006

Sk±d: Newark

moze troche jasniej Andrew - przyklad jakis moze.

poz,
Grant me serenity to accept the things I cannot change, courage to change the things I can and wisdom to know the difference.

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Andrew_Bird

Post #4

2008-04-10 00:46:23 (5 miesiêcy temu)

Andrew_Bird

Posty: 138

Z nami od: 01-11-2007

Mówi±c po polsku jest to gard³owanie. Fonetyka angielska wywodz±ca siê z Old English (czyli z germañskiego) polega na wydobywaniu g³ênbokich tonów oraz na obecno¶ci samog³osek przeg³o¶nych (umlaut) pochodz±cych z jêzyka Wikingów: ae, oe ue. W przeciwieñstwie do tego mamy w jêzyku polskim fonetykê ³aciñsk± generowan± przedniojêzykowo. St±d ³atwo Polaków rozpoznaæ w Anglii i w Niemczech, przy czym nikt nie bêdzie mia³ gwarancji, czy nie s± to Francuzi albo W³osi. Silna ³acinizacja jêzyka polskiego sprawia, ¿e ³atwo mo¿emy wychwyciæ Ukraiñców lub Rosjan, którzy biegle mówi± po polsku. Ich wymowa nie jest tak z³acinizowana, przy czym nie mamy pewno¶ci, czy nie s± to nasi rodacy z Bia³egostoku, Terespola, Radzynia Podlaskiego czy Zamo¶cia, gdzie wymowa s³owiañska opar³a siê wp³ywom ³aciny.

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