Kiedyś oglądałem program na galileo i okazało się iż islandzki jest najtrudniejszym językiem.
Tutaj też jest fajne podsumowanie:
http://mylanguages.org/difficult_languages.php
Ale tak naprawdę, czy istnieje pojęcie najtrudniejszego języka. Przecież każdy uczy się inaczej, dla niemca nauka japońskiego może okazać się bardzo prosta, ale dla hiszpana już nie.
Znalazłem taki fajny artykuł na wiki:
Learning a language as an adult strongly DEPENDS on the learner's native language. Therefore it is meaningless to make a universal ranking of difficulty. For example, a native English speaker will learn Frisian — and vice versa — much more easily than a native Japanese speaker would. In general, the closer the second language is in relation to vocabulary, sounds, sentence structure, culture, and other factors to the learner's native tongue and culture, the easier acquisition will be. This "proximity" of the target language is not necessarily a function of genetic relationship but may also be polyphyletic, such as a chance similarity of phonology. Differences in phonology are often insurmountable for the learner and will be apparent in an accent in non-native speakers even after many years of proficient use of the learned language.
The question which of two given languages, A and B, is more difficult to learn may be considered by comparing the performance of native speakers of A learning B with that of native speakers of B learning A. For example, a study on speech comprehension by German immigrants to the USA and American immigrants to Germany found that native English speakers learning German as adults had a disadvantage on certain grammatical tasks, while they had an advantage in lexical tasks compared to their native German-speaking counterparts learning English.[1]
[edit] Phonology
One potential difficulty in learning the phonology of a second language is that the phonemes in the second language may be different from those in the learner's native language. This difference often leads to transfer between the sounds of the first and second languages, accounting for the characteristic foreign accents often heard from second language learners. When learning to distinguish two contrasting phonemes in the second language, there are three possibilities that can cause transfer
2]
1. The second language phonemes are not found in the native language at all. For example, Korean does not have any phonemes corresponding to the English phonemes /f/ or /v/, so they would be completely new to Korean learners of English.
2. The first language has one of the two contrasting phonemes. For example, Japanese has a /p/ sound as in the English paid, but no /f/ sound as in the English fade. Japanese learners of English need to learn a new phoneme.
3. The second language phonemes both exist in the native language, but as allophones of the same phoneme. For example, in Japanese, [l] and [r] are allophones so Japanese learners of English need to learn to distinguish these sounds.
It may seem that totally new sounds would be hardest to learn, but actually this is not necessarily the case. These sounds do not always appear to pose significant problems for second language learners, unless they are radically different from classes of sound in the native language. The most difficult phoneme pairs to learn are often those which are allophones of the same phoneme, as in Japanese learning to distinguish between /l/ and /r/.[
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